Civil Rights Practice Test

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• Which act requires schools to take steps to ensure equal educational opportunities for language minority students?
• Which of the following was NOT a strategy employed by the Chicano Movement?
• Which statement best describes de jure segregation compared to de facto segregation?
• Shelby County v. Holder is associated with which policy area?
• Chavez's hunger strike ended with involvement of which political figure?
• Which organization is described as a nonviolent protest group founded by white and black students that contributed to voter registration and the March on Washington?
• What was a common police tactic against gay bars during the era described?
• Which act addresses pregnancy discrimination in employment?
• Which of the following were emphasized tactics for sit-ins?
• Cesar Chavez began his civil rights work by joining which organization?
• Which case held that race-based admissions quotas are unconstitutional but allowed race to be considered as one factor?
• Which organization was NOT listed among the key organizations associated with the American Indian Movement?
• Which case upheld the federal government's power to prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?
• Which Civil Rights Act title prohibits discrimination in programs receiving federal funds?
• What is the difference between disparate treatment and disparate impact claims?
• Which principle requires legislative districts to have roughly equal populations?
• Which statement best reflects Phyllis Schlafly's view of the ERA and feminism?
• Where was MLK assassinated?
• Who organized the United Farm Workers?
• What best describes the progress of the gay liberation movement after Stonewall?
• How did civil rights relate to Cold War concerns?
• Which case upheld race-conscious admissions to promote diversity without quotas?
• In anti-discrimination law, what does 'disparate impact' describe?
• Malcolm X's radicalism influenced which civil rights organizations?
• Which case struck down laws banning interracial marriage?
• Which constitutional clause attempted to guarantee civil rights by stating equal protection of the laws?
• Which act prohibits employment discrimination based on disability and requires reasonable accommodations?
• Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
• What event occurred during the 2008-2009 recession regarding housing?
• Which case held that schools must provide language assistance to students with limited English proficiency under Title VI?
• Which standard governs most classifications not involving suspect classes or fundamental rights?
• The 1965 grape pickers' strike led to which outcome?
• Which law prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs receiving federal funds?
• Which leader and movement significantly shaped Malcolm X's advocacy for Black nationalism and self-defense?
• Little Rock Crisis: Who used National Guard and who intervened?
• Malcolm X criticized Martin Luther King Jr. as 'Uncle Tom' for what reason?
• Which amendments constitute the Reconstruction Amendments?
• What outcome did the Voting Rights Act have in the Deep South?
• Which statement best describes the Black Panthers?
• How many federal marshals did Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy send to protect the Freedom Riders?
• What does Title VII prohibit regarding employment?
• In which year was the Fair Housing Act enacted?
• Which amendment guarantees equal protection under the law?
• Which of the following was a goal of the Chicano movement?
• Which international instrument is mentioned in disability rights progress?
• The Equal Protection Clause is found in which part of the Constitution?
• What was a key conclusion of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
• Which organization is associated with the Disabled American Civil Rights groups?
• Which title prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
• What did the 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade establish regarding abortion?
• Which rights were included in the Disabled American Civil Rights beliefs?
• The Voting Rights Act preclearance provisions apply to changes in voting practices in which areas?
• What action did Alabama Governor John Patterson take in response to federal threats to the Freedom Riders?
• Which mortgage pattern was described as affecting Black families?
• The Fourteenth Amendment contains which clause that protects individuals from unequal state action?
• The Asian American civil rights movement drew inspiration from which broader movement?
• What was a key reason the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified?
• What standard of review applies to race-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause?
• The Black Power Movement encompassed which components?
• Which amendment's Section 5 grants Congress the power to enforce civil rights through appropriate legislation?
• What does private action under Title II entail?
• Where did the sit-ins begin?
• Which statement accurately describes Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)?
• In what year was the Rehabilitation Act's Section 504 enacted?
• The March on Washington was led by whom?
• Which provision prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs receiving federal funds?
• Which organization was founded as part of the 2nd wave feminist movement?
• The hunger strike ended after 28 days with which figure?
• Which statement reflects Obama's 2008 election significance?
• Which organization led the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
• Who opposed the ERA?
• Which statement describes a consequence of policing and sentencing in inner-city Black communities?
• Which case authorized desegregation of public schools via busing?
• Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18?
• Which of the following was a tactic used by the Disabled American Civil Rights movement?
• Which organization formed to organize sit-in movements after Greensboro?
• Which statement best describes the ongoing impact of policing policies and mass incarceration on Black communities?
• Which amendment abolishes slavery?
• Which act prohibits age discrimination in employment?
• What is the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause in protecting civil rights?
• Which law preceded the ADA and prohibited discrimination based on disability in programs receiving federal funds?
• What happened during the Birmingham Campaign?
• The sit-in protest for Section 504 was notable for being what?
• Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique is credited with which impact?
• Which sequence best describes the 'tale of 3 Black cities'?
• In what year did California grape growers recognize the UFW?
• What phrase embodied the Black Power movement's empowerment message?
• What phrase is associated with the Chicano Movement?
• Which doctrine allowed segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal' before being overturned?
• Which desegregation strategy did Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education authorize?
• What term describes treating disabled people as if they were children?
• Which law prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability?
• Which case declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
• Which case addressed desegregation in school districts by applying a district-wide remedy?
• Which title addresses discrimination in public accommodations?
• The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) was enacted in which year?
• Which organization formed a few months after the Greensboro sit-in to organize sit-in movements and included Black and white college students?
• The United Farm Workers primarily represented which group?
• Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18?
• Which statement best reflects the Gay Liberation movement's beliefs?
• The due process protections for individuals come from which constitutional amendment?
• Which organization did Stokely Carmichael lead when popularizing the term 'Black Power'?
• Why did Hip Hop rise out of urban Black communities?
• Which case reaffirmed that race-conscious admissions policies must be narrowly tailored to achieve diversity?
• What does preclearance require under the Voting Rights Act?
• Which tactic did Gay Liberation activists employ?
• Which case invalidated the preclearance formula that protected voting rights, reducing federal oversight?
• Who began the War on Drugs?
• Which federal law, enacted in 1965, aimed to remove barriers to Black voting by abolishing literacy tests and authorizing federal oversight?
• Which amendment prohibits poll taxes in federal elections?
• Redlining is best described as which practice?
• Which Act prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin?
• In what year did the Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade?
• Which landmark law provides protections for people with disabilities in employment, public services, and accommodations?
• Which case established a constitutional right to marital privacy and affected contraception decisions?
• Which statement best captures the beliefs of the American Indian Movement?
• Which event contributed to Chavez gaining publicity from the AFL-CIO?
• Which statement describes demographic change affecting civil rights?
• In what year was the Pregnancy Discrimination Act enacted?
• Which case struck down poll taxes in state elections?
• Which statement best describes the impact of the American Indian Movement's actions?
• Which title of the Civil Rights Act addresses discrimination in programs receiving federal funds?
• By 1964, what was the level of school integration in the South?
• Which provision grants Congress the power to enforce civil rights through appropriate legislation?
• Which statement describes the Southern Manifesto?
• What impact did the March on Washington have on civil rights policy?
• Stokely Carmichael's term that signified shift toward Black nationalism?
• What is the difference between a quota and a 'plus factor' in admissions policies?
• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) is associated with which principle?
• Which form of sit-in involved beaches and pools?
• Which statement BEST describes a racially motivated rationale behind the War on Drugs?
• Plessy v. Ferguson established that separate facilities are legal if equal.
• Which amendment prohibits denying the right to vote on account of sex?
• Which individual is associated with Disabled American Civil Rights activism?
• What is the primary objective of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
• Which amendment extended suffrage to women?
• Which statement best describes the youth stance in the Chicano movement?
• Which challenge is noted as affecting the American Indian Movement era?
• What event became a symbolic demand for full citizenship and grew the liberation movement for LGBT people?
• What are Title IX provisions?
• What does the phrase 'generational cost of slavery' refer to in the context of wealth inequality?
• Which tactic did the American Indian Movement use?
• The Obergefell decision is associated with which civil rights issue?
• Which case applied the Civil Rights Act to private restaurants serving interstate commerce?
• Which case upheld the use of race as a factor in admissions to achieve diversity without imposing quotas?
• Which statement about Cesar Chavez's role in La Causa is supported by the material?
• Who were the Freedom Riders?
• Which case held that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits discrimination in the sale of private property?
• Jim Crow laws in the South primarily involved which policy?
• What was the primary purpose of the March on Washington in August 1963?
• Which two 2003 cases involved race-conscious admissions in higher education, one upholding and one striking down?
• The 1968 riots occurred in how many US cities?
• What does Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibit?
• What mechanism did the Voting Rights Act use to prevent discriminatory changes in election laws?
• Who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
• How many states were required to ratify the ERA?
• Which event is cited as awakening Asian American civil rights activism?
• Which federal law prohibits sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal funds?
• The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted in which year?
• Approximately how many people attended the March on Washington?
• Which statement reflects the racial wealth gap as described?
• Which description best fits the Black Panther Party?
• Which term describes the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment?
• What does universal design aim to achieve?
• What action did President Kennedy take in response to the Freedom Riders?
• Which agency was created by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to end employment discrimination?
• MAPA's activities contributed to support for which presidential candidate and the election of Mexican American candidates to Congress?
• What did the Eugenics movement involve?
• Which concept requires applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment?
• Which ideology advocated economic self-sufficiency, racial pride, and political autonomy, often rejecting integration?
• What was a major effect of MLK's assassination on the civil rights movement?
• How is civil rights defined in the material?
• Which case legalized same-sex marriage nationwide?
• In what year did Brown v. Board of Education declare segregation unconstitutional?
• Which level of scrutiny applies to gender classifications?
• By the 1970s, what educational development occurred as part of the Chicano movement?
• Which of the following did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?